14 February 2008

The soft glow of candlelight graces the room, waxing and waning as the flame flickers gently in the evening breeze that wafts in from the serenity outside. The air is laced with the sweet scent of eucalyptus. Magnificent chords swell forth from the classical concerto playing on the radio, touching in the soul an inexplicable feeling of connection to a larger, spiritual world and a passion for living. The taste of rich, imported chocolate imparts exquisite pleasure.

With the click of a switch, the room is abruptly illuminated. Harsh light glares from the naked bulb overhead. Jarring static rips through the concerto as the radio signal meets with sudden interference. Slowly, unwillingly, I open my eyes. My landlady's face hovers over me as she stands next to the couch upon which I am reclining. The power has returned, she tells me. Why don't I blow out the candles and turn on the lights? And what am I doing lying there on the couch?

Happy Valentine's Day!

12 February 2008

Perhaps it is because I live among a people who speak a language that is still largely incomprehensible to me. Perhaps it is because the streams of communication that fill the world around me simply wash over me without seeping in to find understanding. Perhaps it is because, often lacking words, I commonly rely on the use of gestures, facial expressions, and other body language. Undoubtedly for all these reasons and many others beside, I feel a special attachment to the deaf students I have met here. Ever since that first visit to the special needs classes with Negalign, I have felt myself drawn back week after week to those beautiful children with whom I feel a singular sort of kinship.

My Tuesday mornings are spent invariably at the end of a rough wooden bench of students, learning to communicate with them in their voiceless voice. There are eight of them in this particular class, four girls and four boys, ranging in age from eight to eighteen. Among them are the eager twelve-year-old boy and 18-year-old girl, who race each other to be the first at the blackboard with the right answer; the tiny eight-year-old girl with the lemon-yellow dress, close-shaven head, beautiful bashful grin, and five-second attention span; and the fourteen-year-old boy with the gentle manner, who though frequently finding himself just a step behind his classmates, never allows his mistakes to discourage him from trying. They all sit in a row, a diverse collection of students brought together by virtue of their common impairment.

On this particular Tuesday morning, one of the five special education teachers is sick, so my teacher finds herself splitting time between three groups of students, one blind and two deaf. During the first morning period, the students' schedules have fortuitously aligned so that all are scheduled for math. My teacher starts at the blackboard in front of my group of eight, signing through exercises in addition and subtraction. Leaving them to practice with the bottlecaps that serve as their instructional materials, she moves on to the dozen blind students, running through the same exercises orally. She checks in quickly with the small, advanced groups of deaf students, who are left mostly to study independently. Then, she is back at the blackboard again, ready to repeat her whirlwind cycle.

The second morning session proves more difficult. My eight are scheduled for "sport and health." The advanced group has Amharic. The class of blind students has English. The cycle will no longer serve; it is time to divide and conquer. After receiving a cursory briefing on my assignment, I take charge of the English class. My job is straightforward. I am to read exercises from the one printed textbook so that each student may copy them in Braille to study at home. There are no Braille textbooks for their use. Meanwhile, my teacher is signing her way through the "ABCs" (Abstinence, Be Faithful, Condom Use) of HIV/AIDS prevention (trying to direct "C" over the heads of her younger students, in compliance with regulations). The advanced group, again, is left to study independently.

At the end of class, as students are dismissed for lunch, my teacher pulls me aside to ask, "What do you see are the strengths and weaknesses of my teaching?" It is possibly the most humbling moment of my Peace Corps service to date. Here is one teacher tasked with teaching 23 students, in three different groups, with two different impairments, at a spectrum of varying ages and abilities, in three different subjects simultaneously, with one textbook, a blackboard, and some bottlecaps at her disposal. Yet, rather than lament the difficulties of her situation, which she cannot control, she seeks advice for improvement in the areas of her teaching that she can control. In the midst of her hardships, she wants to be the best teacher she possibly can be. It is determination and drive like this that shines great hope for Ethiopia's future. I only hope that I can find a way to equip this determination and drive to better accomplish the noble ends that it seeks.

7 February 2008

Some odds and ends:

"EasyMac", when one does not have a microwave, becomes merely "NormalMac". Indeed, if the exhortations printed on each packet are to be believed ("Made for the microwave. Just adding boiling water will not cook macaroni."), it actually becomes "SlightlymoredifficultMac".

Mice can, in fact, chew through duct tape, as well as wall plaster, wooden door framing, and crocheted yard pot holders. Multiple layers of duct tape, while an effective stall tactic, are not ultimately a deterrent.

Some people will recount with horror the lifelike nightmares they have experienced under the influence of mefloquine (a malaria prophylaxis). Some people will grin tellingly as they report having enjoyed vivid mefloquine-induced dreams of quite another kind. My mefloquine dreams of late have been about food. Last night's featured Papa John's Pizza ("The Works"), Breyer's mint chocolate chip ice cream, and Sam Adams Black Lager. I'm not sure exactly what this says about me.

We have kept two puppies from our dog's six-puppy litter, a female and a male. I named them Dounia and Raskol(nikov). I was reading Crime and Punishment at the time. If I ever have children of my own, keep me away from classic literature during my term, especially from the Russian authors.

I've made good friends of the armed guards posted outside my bank. I feel this has been a strategic move on my part. If major crisis strikes here, tell those leading the evacuation efforts that I have taken up refuge inside the Abyssinia Bank.

I ate a canned ham. All of it in one day, in fact, since I have no means by which to keep leftovers. Granted it was a small one; granted it was a real Hickory Farms ham and not its rather more dubious cousin, Spam; granted I ate it with sharp cheddar cheese, my first real cheese since being here, gifted to me by my beloved fellow Clemson alum PCV (God bless the Clemson Family!)…but it's still not something I'm proud of. I've heard admission is the first step to healing. Thanks for listening.

1 February 2008

It was about a month ago that an unexpected visitor appeared on my doorstep. I was just sitting down to quiet Saturday morning breakfast when I heard a knock on my front door. Somewhat reluctantly tearing myself away from a stack of warm banana pancakes and the latest Sports Illustrated Magazine sent from my mother (a promising start to any morning, to be sure), I answered the door to find a small, weathered Ethiopian man, clutching a red plastic photo album.

"Miss Christen Marie," he said, though I had never before seen him, "I am Negalign Emere, and I have a message from A___ Andersen."

Neither of these two unfamiliar names shedding any light upon the situation, mystified by this visitor and wondering what message he could possibly be bringing, I invited the old man into my living room. He removed his white baseball cap as he entered the house, revealing a head flecked thoroughly with grey. He grasped my hand between both of his in a warm handshake, and his wizened face broke into a wide smile. His eyes were only barely visible as two small eddies amidst the rippling currents of wrinkles surrounding and threatening to inundate them at any moment. He stood and grinned, shaking my hand eagerly, and burst forth with his story before we even had a chance to sit.

He explained that he had been taught by a Peace Corps volunteer in the 1960s, whose name was A___ Andersen. Mr. Andersen had been a science teacher at the secondary school. Negalign had been a struggling fourteen-year-old student who solicited help from Mr. Andersen. Through the hours they spent together in private lessons, Negalign passed his classes with high marks, and so inspired was he by Mr. Andersen's example that he went on to become a science teacher himself. When Mr. Andersen returned to his school many years later to bring a donation of books for the library, Negalign contacted him, and the two reunited to begin a correspondence that continues to this day.

As he told his story, finally sitting down at my insistence, Negalign paged through the worn plastic photo album to show me pictures that had been sent from A___ Andersen along with his letters. I saw Mr. Andersen, his wife, and his five granddaughters. I read the card he had sent for Christmas. I heard stories about his former life in Debremarkos and his current life in America. I was shown the most recent letter from Mr. Andersen, in which he had told Negalign that the Peace Corps would be returning to his town. It was this letter, and his eventually hearing of our arrival as word spread around town, that prompted his visit. He wanted to welcome me and offer his friendship and willingness to help in any way he might be needed. He gave me the mailing address of one A___ Andersen and exhorted me to write to him (which I did, about two weeks later, having been reminded by Negalign every time we ran into each other around town). Finally, I was urged to come visit the school at which Mr. Andersen had taught previously, Negalign currently. We exchanged contact information, and Negalign left, beaming his gratitude and promising to arrange an appointment.

My enthusiastic visitor made good on his promise this week, and KB and I arrived this morning at the arranged time at Debremarkos' oldest secondary school. (I had been told by Negalign on the phone, "Do not be late.") Negalign had given his morning classes to a substitute teacher so that he could devote his full time and attention to serving as our guide. We embarked upon what was presented to us as a tour of need. We met the school principal, who told us of the 65-year-old school's crumbling structure and great need for basic furnishings. He lamented that all work had to be completed tediously by hand, without the benefit of photocopiers or typewriters (and certainly no computers). We toured the school's science lab, which housed rows of bare countertop, a set of five instructional anatomy charts, yellowed with age, and one faucet with no running water. We met the chemistry teacher, who bemoaned the lack of basic chemicals needed to perform demonstrational experiments. We observed an English class in which each textbook was shared between at least five students. As Negalign whisked us from building to building with astounding energy, he pointed out broken windows, mud floors, crumbling plaster, and overcrowded benches and desks. Along the way, we learned that there was no formal health education integrated into the curriculum. At various classroom stops, we were asked to do some impromptu Q-and-A with the students about HIV/AIDS. We received wonderfully insightful questions that showed, encouragingly, a good deal of background knowledge about the pandemic, while also revealing a number of informational gaps. (At this point, I must add: There are a host of specific regulations imposed by American funding agencies in regard to the ages at which students may and may not be taught about condom use. These become rather impractical when one finds oneself suddenly standing in front of a sixth-grade classroom filled with students ranging in age from twelve to twenty.)

Finally, we were introduced to the special needs classes. Two classrooms held a mixture of students, deaf, blind, and intellectually disabled. (We cringed as we were introduced to this last class with a rather more insensitive term. I suppose sensitivity, though, is difficult to translate across languages.) Clusters of students sat together by age and special learning need, as an overworked and undermanned teaching staff made the rounds between them, trying to give sufficient attention to each group. As we introduced ourselves to the blind students, they eagerly punched out the spellings of our names with the Braille styluses they shared. I watched in fascination as the deaf education teacher ran through flashcard vocabulary exercises with her students, signing each word in American sign language and spelling each in both American and Amharic sign spellings. I received sweet smiles of encouragement from the little girls in lemon yellow dresses sitting beside me on the bench, as I fumbled my way through the signs that they produced so effortlessly.

What was framed as a tour of need certainly proved to be so. Yet, it also revealed to us a great deal of hope in the astute questions, demonstrated efforts, and smiling faces of students eager to pave the way to a brighter future through education, as well as the resolve of the teachers determined to help them.

30 January 2008

"Christen, your parasites, have they died?"

[Asked of me by the 20-year-old twelfth-grade student who lives on KB's compound, upon my first visit back to the house following a small brush with giardia. For the benefit of concerned readers, my parasites have, in fact, died, as a result of some absolutely marvelous tinidazole pills.]

26 January 2008

I was speaking today with a local government manager from another town who was in Debremarkos for a conference. He spoke to me about the many benefits he saw coming out of Meles Zenawi's presidency: an increase in the number of universities, an increase in the average educational attainment of civil servants, an increase in relative freedoms and democracy (from those experienced during the rule of the socialist-inspired Military Coordinating Committee known as the Derg), and higher levels of foreign investment. When asked about Ethiopia's biggest obstacle to greater benefits, he highlighted corruption. When I asked for examples, he gave two, one of which was a classic case of fund embezzlement by a corrupt local official. As a second example, interestingly, he described the preference given to the children of rich and powerful families in university admissions. "Pretend you are child of powerful family. I am child of not powerful family. I have maybe 3.6 grade. You have only 3. But you will be chosen over me." It somehow sounded vaguely familiar…

23 January 2008

In Amharic, the national language of Ethiopia, the future is seemingly an afterthought. In regard to time, there exists one major tense division, between the past and the present. Future actions are described, then, merely through the provision of appropriate context. I go today. I go every Thursday. I go two years from now. The past is established and set apart in a collection of formalized grammatical structures. The future is, grammatically, indistinguishable from the present.

The language's own future appears similarly unformulated. Recent, "modern" concepts are expressed almost exclusively in the English language of the countries from which they have been adopted: "strategy," "policy," "project," "bureaucracy," "sector," "mainstreaming," and technologies like "photo copy," "refrigerator," and "computer." In fact, the ancient Ge'ez alphabet in which Amharic is written has recently had to adopt a new seven-form character to provide the "v" sound in English words like "television," "DVD," "university," and "HIV." The addition is a bold move for a country that maintains its own time apart from the rest of the world, having refused since 1582 to give up the Julian calendar in favor of the Gregorian revision.